Parenting Styles Have A Big Impact On The Development And...

There has always been debate about the different parenting styles that exist and how they affect the development and outcome of a child. How a child is raised and treated as they are brought up has a lot to do with the kind of person they will be later in life. Therefore, it can have either a positive, negative, or even both positive and negative effects on a child as they are growing up. Certain factors of parenting play a big role such as how the parent use discipline, warmth and nurture, communication, and their expectations of maturity and control. In other words, parenting styles have a big impact on the child’s future. Likewise, how a child is taught and the learning style they learn best from has a lot to do with how they are able to take in information, which is similar to how different parenting styles affect their children development and as an adult later in life. The most well-known parenting styles that exist consist of authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, an d uninvolved. There are pros and cons to each of them, but in the end it’s important to have mixture of good principles to ensure good parenting and positive child development. This is because it is believed that childhood is a critical period for development that will last throughout a lifetime by providing the child with the proper skills, resources, and developmental qualities that will carried on throughout adulthood and the rest of their lives. Therefore, the kind of parenting style is one of theShow MoreRelatedThe Authoritarian Style Of Parenting Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch, analyzing child-parent behavior, seeking to identify parenting styles. The Baumrid study and other further studies identified four main styles of parenting (Miller, 2010): the authoritative parenting style was characterized by fair rules and consequences; The Authoritarian parenting style was characterized by strict rules and harsh punishment; the permissive parenting style was charact erized by minimal rules with little or no consequences; the uninvolved parenting style was characterizedRead MoreImportance Of Parenting Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Parenting Styles There are many different types of parenting styles in the world today. The way one chooses to raise their children, can play a very big role in a child’s behavior and success within the future. In 1967, a woman named Diana Baumrind contributed to the knowledge in socioemotional development by studying and researching parenting styles. She originally stated that there are four types of parenting styles; authoritarian, authoritative, permissive and neglectful. 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On entering the living room, on the east corner is a 50-inch television and to the west is the dining set. This room is furnished with tan leather couches, center table and red rug over the bare floor. On the walls are familyRead MoreAlcohol And Substance Abuse : An Individual Behavior That Reflects Underlying Dysfunction921 Words   |  4 Pagesof parenting has been linked to psychological well-being, stress and social support. It was also found to be a predictor of antisocial behaviors and substance abuse (Velleman, Templeton Copello, 2005). A child s family is responsible for the socialization process. It is important that the family helps the child socialize in a way that helps them adjust to the demands and possibilities of their environment and social circle. However, if the family does not succeed in this task, it can have a negativeRead M oreParenting and Education During Early Childhood Essay example2060 Words   |  9 PagesParenting and Education during early childhood Psy/280 Jan 4, 2012 Tra Ahia Parenting and Education during early childhood This paper will discuss various forms of caregivers, parenting styles, and early childhood education. Topics covered are: †¢ Evaluate the different types of parenting styles and their influence on development during infancy and early childhood. †¢ Compare and contrast at least two different kinds of caregivers and the positive and/or negativeRead MoreParenting Styles And The Parenting Style Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Parenting style used by caregivers plays an important role in the child’s development and learning, specifically social emotional learning. Parents play a big role in their child’s academic achievement, especially depending on the parenting style use. The parenting style where the parents are involved and monitor their children is related to academic achievement and educational accomplishment (Spera, 2005). Parenting styles comprise of two dimensions, demandingness and responsivenessRead MoreMy Point Of View Attachment Theory1033 Words   |  5 Pageslasting, secure and positive bond between a child and a caregiver, a reciprocal relationship. John Bowlby who used his knowledge in developmental psychology, psychoanalysis, ethology, and data processing to base his principle of the theory developed attachment theory. John Bowlby believed that attachment theory was on of the four essential behavioral systems necessary for the evolution and survival of humans. Mary Ainsworth, psychologist, who made a big impact on Bowlby s attachment theory. She hadRead MoreStudent Motivation and its Effects on Student Achievement Essay2147 Words   |  9 Pagesachievement. This paper will focus on what motivation means, how to get students motivated, and the impact of motivation on student attitude both inside and outside the classroom. Also, the paper will address the place of the parent as role model an d the impact of their involvement on their children’s education. Student Motivation and its Effects on Student Achievement Every child has the capability to be a great learner or student and that capacity is present at every stageRead Moreeffect of parenting style on the academic development of children6694 Words   |  27 Pagesor mother of a person. It also went on to disclose its view on parenting as the skill or activity of looking after your own children. Davies (2000) opined that parenting (or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional social and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood. Parenting style is a psychological contrast representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing (stantrock, 2007). There are many differing theories and

Is The Color Blind - 1123 Words

While our society has pushed for a larger focus on promoting diversity and acceptance, criticisms have emerged regarding the way we discuss and analyze certain differences. This is especially present in discussions concerning race, which is often difficult to hold conversations about and can easily become controversial. Instead of easing into these issues and differences that go on between various ethnicities, many members of modern society have adopted a â€Å"color blind† approach to handling these issues. The main point of color blindness is to treat individuals as equals with various factors, such as race and ethnicity, being disregarded. While it is based on good intentions, color blindness avoids the issues surrounding differences ignores†¦show more content†¦Weddington has a majority white population, and most students enrolled in the Weddington public school system representing this demographic very well. While there were a few black, Asian and Hispanic studen ts, they mostly socialized with each other, rarely garnering any attention from their white peers, myself included. Because of this lack of exposure, I was not able to properly understand the issues facing these groups or see the reasons they were different from me outside of different physical features. In addition, no African American families lived in my neighborhood with the exception of one mixed race family, which led me to the belief that these students came from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and lived in less affluent neighborhoods as a result of their parents’ poor decisions and less prominent career choices. Another reason why I lacked understanding these individuals is because of my own personal background. While I grew up in an upper middle class neighborhood with majority white families, racism was ever present in the daily interactions I was exposed to within that community. A fair amount of this has to do with most families having an extensive history living in the American South, with most parents being raised during the Civil Rights Movement in mostly rural or small town communities. My parents are both examples of this, with both making occasional

Quality and quantity control in cement industry Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Quality and Quantity Control in Cement Industry. Answer: Introduction Cement industry is one of the most elementary industries as the product can be found in normal day to day functioning. Cement is a fine powder which is used to give strength and is the controlling component of concrete. This is the key component used in construction project. Techniques and activity used to achieve, improve and sustain the quality of products or services can be defined as Quality control (Anyanwu, 2013). Determination of composition of all the material used in production of cement is important for an affluent control in process and quality of product. Quality assurance and monitoring of production to meet the applicable product standard as specified in the scope of testing. Quality control Diversified functions are being performed by the modern plants expert control and supervision is a key to get most out of it cement plant. Process expert alleviate the plant, optimize production, manage process interference and reduce wear and tear of equipments. Areas of quality control start with control of raw material, finished goods, in process control and physical control. If proper control methods are adopted in manufacturing of cement it will result in less rejection rate with increased product quality, price reduction, and increase the product yield leading to increase in reputation of the company in the industry. Need for quality control Ever increasing competition in construction industry and demand of best quality products by the customer has lead cement industry to take efforts to provide high quality products. If quality control is not done it will result in low productivity, under utilization of resources and loss of customer. Cost of cement production is very high because of amount of energy used by cost driver. 60-130 kg of fuel and 150KWH of electricity is required to in the process of manufacturing of each tone of cement (Okereke, 2003). General Policies for Quality control To meet the objective of providing best quality cement most of the Australian companies in cement industry are following Quality management system by complying with the requirements of International standards AS/NZS ISO 9001:2000. Basic requirements for following quality management system based on ISO9001 are adopting short and comprehensive review process to determine the needs of customer. It is also important to be in touch with suppliers for maintaining the quality of the components and raw material. Identifying the opportunity and solving the problem expeditiously is also important to maintain the quality of the cement manufactured by the company. Quantity Control Quantity control means total material quantity that will be created if every produce receipt has been posted in control cycle. Quantity control process should not be confused with physical counting of stock. In todays world it is common to have immense requirement of bulk material even in a sheer size project which creates the need of quantity control. Another reason for quantity control in cement industry is because every organisation requires quantity information in different form. There are two methods for taking quantity control decision. First physical count of products received and matching them with invoice receipts and second in the low cost where physical count can be too costly physical count is not required and invoice should be matched. Need for quantity control Cement is made by crushing and grinding calcium carbonate known as limestone, sand (silica), alumina and iron ore in suitable proportion and then heating the outcome in kiln. In production of cement use of computerized controls in number of application can be done to optimise the mix of raw material to ensure there is proper composition of chemicals (Keviczky). The control system of production helps in production of maximum quantity of cement in accordance with the prescribed quality. It can also optimize burning process to improve the quality of cement and thereby improving heat recovery and emissions from clinker cooler. Quantity control also becomes important in certain cases where the supply of that product is limited for example in case of manufacturing of cement electricity consumption is very high which makes it important to schedule the use of electricity properly and to use alternative source of energy. A quantity take off policy is needed by the organisation to identify the requirements of raw material needed for manufacturing of cement. Data base managers can be used as a powerful tool to generate a versatile report summarizing the information needed. Various companies have designed Quantity control system for recognising the material used in manufacturing process. The ability to know the need of raw material, finished goods and work in progress is very important for a manufacturer. Quantity control helps the organisation to maximise its profit by keeping track of the quantity requirements. This also leads in improving the productivity of the organisation. Quantity control concept with Database Concept (Source: Project Management Institute) Conclusion Quantity and quality control can help in achieving optimal allocation and reallocation of machines and can also result in minimization of production cost of cement. These controls can be considered as guide for the management of the company for proper utilization of resources and in creating strategies based on the future requirements. References Okereke, P.A. (2003): Construction Materials, Testing and Quality in Tropical Climate. Crown Publishers Ltd. Owerri Cement Industry Federation. (2013). Industry Report. Retrieved on 1 April 2017 from : https://www.cement.org.au/Portals/0/Documents/CIF%20Publications/2013%20CIF%20Industry%20Report%20(Med%20Res).pdf Keviczky, L. (2017). Automation and Control in cement industries. Control, System, Robotics and Automation. Vol XIX. KEMA INC. (2005). Industrial Case Study: The Cement Industry. Retrieved on 2 April 2017 from: https://www.calmac.org/publications/industrialcementfinalkema.pdf Diekmann, J.E. (1981). Quantity Control- the key element in project control. Retrieved on 2 April 2017 from : https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/quantity-control-project-control-construction-1838 Anyanwu, C.I. (2013). Quality Control Concepts in the Manufacture of Masonry Blocks for Building Project Delivery. IOSR Journal of business management. Vol. 14. Pp 35-40

Sustainable Tourism Development

This essay shows that there are initiatives which aim at promoting sustainability in tourism destinations. However, these initiatives do not work due to the diverse nature of the tourism industry. The essay demonstrates this through various approaches to tourism sustainability and methods that stakeholders have applied in their attempts to enhance sustainability of tourism destinations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable Tourism Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More We can define sustainability as a growth that does not experience any threats from feedback. Here, feedback refers to social unrest, pollution, or depletion of resources. We can relate this to the development of tourism destination. In tourism, sustainability would be â€Å"that level of development which does not exceed the carrying capacity of the destination and thus cause serious or irreversible changes to the destination† ( Tribe, 2005). This is what we call a growth that can sustain itself over time. It is hard for a nation or a sector to use effective plans for sustainable tourism development with clear agenda. The UNWTO provides policy guidelines for such purposes. The UNWTO refers sustainable tourism with regard to sustainability assumption as â€Å"the environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and a suitable balance must be established between these three dimensions its long-term sustainability† (UNWTO, 1995). Sustainability in tourism destination must ensure optimal use of resources that are sources of tourism development, their maintenance, and conservation of biodiversity and natural heritage (Liu, 2003). The project must also â€Å"adhere to socio-cultural existences of host communities, conserve their cultural heritage and enhance cultural understanding and tolerance† (Swarbrooke, 1999). Sustainable tourism project must also provide socio-economi c benefits, long-term economic availability, stable employment, poverty reduction, social services, and generation of income to the host community and all stakeholders. First, regulations are forms of ensuring sustainability of tourism destinations. Stakeholders can introduce permissions and permits as forms of preventative control. Permits and permissions aim at preventing damages by requiring stakeholders to get permissions so as to engage in possible harmful activities. For instance, we can have planning permits to stop developments that do not meet planning guidelines and larger environmental matters and effects. Second, regulation also involves environmental impact assessment. Some projects which may have severe impacts on the environment; thus the authorities must review an environmental consequences of such projects. It may use a cost-benefit approach that covers the all costs and advantages to stakeholders. For a development to be socially acceptable, its benefits to society must exceed its cost to society.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Third, controls and laws are also effective means of providing and controlling environmental pollutant targets. Occasionally, policymakers may introduce these laws and controls after an event that cause harm to the environment has started. Such laws may cover restrictions to aircraft and other forms of pollution and the quality standards of water for consumption. Litter laws and their subsequent fines are also part of this regulation. Fourth, there are also special designation areas. Most countries have sites that have special status as a way of promoting conservation and controlling development. These designations have varying degrees of statutory backing. For example, the UK has designated Sites of Special Scientific Interests (SSSIs) and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauties (AONBs). The UK considers SSSI s sites as â€Å"areas of special interest because of flora, fauna, geological or physiographical features† (National Park Service, 1990). The Countryside Commission designates AONBs areas for the purpose protecting places with natural beauty. The IUCN (the World Conservation Union) has also classified protected places, with an idea of enhancing international conservation efforts and providing the benchmark for protection. Special designation areas may include nature reserve, national parks, natural monuments, and protected landscape or seascape among others. Fifth, most countries now have laws to ensure that large organisations devote sections of their resources to corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR now extends to include the environment apart from other issues of organisations. Private organisations are focusing on the environment by creating their environmental management teams, creating environmental guidelines and carrying out environmental evaluations and requir ed actions for purposes of conserving the environment. The WTTC and WTO are responsible for the provision of leadership and guidelines in environmental conservation. Most guidelines in this area focus on noise, emissions, waste, congestion, tourism and conservation (Deloitte and Oxford Economics, 2010). Some forms of these regulations are difficult to implement. Still, the industry may find them difficult to follow. There are cases where private developers and environmental authorities engage in lawsuits. Such issues hinder regulations as attempts to enhance sustainability in tourism destinations. Market methods highlight â€Å"manipulation of prices as a method of achieving environmental goals through adjustment of market prices in an attempt to reflect the environmental costs, and benefits of activities† (Tribe, 2005). The sole purpose is for the manufactures and their customers change their behaviours with regard to new prices. This ensures that individuals’ efforts in environmental conservation are worthwhile (Middleton and Hawkins, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable Tourism Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first concept is ownership. People tend to overuse free resources and areas of free access. Thus, policymakers advocate privatisation of such natural resources. For instance, ownership of a lake is an incentive to enforce property rights. Thus, people may pay for the use of resources such as lakes and oceans as dumping sinks. Firms will strive to maximise their gains and satisfy their shareholders expectations. Thus, policymakers advocate for public ownership to enhance environmental management. In principle, a public organisation has an â€Å"incentive to consider social costs and benefits to the country† (Cohen, 2002). Policymakers can use taxes and increasing prices to reduce the use of products with negative environmental cons equences, and subsidies that can reduce prices and promote the use of products that have positive effects on the environmental. Taxation has worked since it adoption by OECD in 1972 as a way of passing the cost to polluters (OECD, 2001). On carbon dioxide emissions, Curtis argues that we can make moderate emissions reductions by â€Å"way of increased energy efficiency but that excess emissions by luxury hotels and resorts need further action† (Curtis, 2002). Transport has been a main source of concern in this area. National Parks authorities of the UK have emphasised necessities of transport systems to countryside tourism and recreation. They note that about 90 percent of visitors used cars to parks. Consequently, most environmentalists have called for raised taxations on car and air travels so as to reflect their environmental costs (National Park Service, 1990). Finland has taxes on none-returnable beverage containers to promote the consumption of returnable parks in attem pts to eliminate the level of such parks left as litters. Landfill taxes apply charges on waste management firms that utilise landfill areas for burying solid waste. Some governments may give grants for people who wish to buy electric cars to reduce carbon pollution. There are projects underway to reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. These include the planned â€Å"planting of forests to capture carbon naturally as well as the artificial capture of carbon and its storage in underground reservoirs† (Mules, 2001).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Deposit-refund schemes work by encouraging consumers to return containers from the vendors or dispose them in a manner favourable to the environment. Customers who return their containers get their deposits. This scheme is effective in the local outlets and can work well on a national scale if well implemented (Gee, 1997). In order to reduce pollution, some countries have introduced charges on products and services they offer the public. These include car parking charges to encourage usage of â€Å"public vehicles, road pricing for motorway usages in some EU countries such as France and Spain† (Priestley, Edwards and Coccossis, 1996). Market approaches to sustainability in developing tourism destinations have been effective in EU zones. Still, the idea to provide subsidies for environmental friendly products such as vehicles is gaining recognition among tourism stakeholders. However, most consumers do not favour the idea of price increases. Tribe notes that soft tools are â⠂¬Å"voluntary by nature and attempt to change behaviours sometimes through improved information, advice, persuasion and sometimes by forming specific networks† (Tribe, 2005). Tourism eco-labelling approach to sustainability focuses on tourists. Leisure and tourism consumers themselves have the ability to transform the consequences of products they consume on the environmental and switch to products with minimal environmental effects. This approach aims at giving the users the â€Å"additional environmental information to enable them make informed decisions in their buying patterns† (Cater and Lowman, 1994). There are also certification and award schemes to enhance sustainability in tourism destination. They authenticate and provide endorsement to environmental attributions made by firms and offer marks such as the Blue Flag that a consumer can recognise (Becken and Hay, 2007). The Blue Flag goes to beaches that have acquired recognisable levels for water quality and fac ilities, safety, environmental education and management. This is also an environmental marketing device for tourists who are environmental conscious. The scheme attempts to offer opportunities for beach local stakeholders to increase their environmental concerns (Coccossis and Nijkamp, 1995). Many organisations such as the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and the Federation of Nature and National Parks of Europe (FNNPE) have produced guidelines and treaties for environmental management and sustainability (FNNPE, 1993). Citizenship, education and advertising can also enhance sustainability when individuals act in the role of consumers or workers or opinion makers (Cooper, Fletcher, Gilbert and Wanhill, 2008). Consumers need information to enable them purchase green products and contribute towards environmental sustainability. Thus, the focus should be on an environmental education as a way of creating awareness among consumers and encourage others to adopt favourable products in envir onmental conservation and sustainability (Gratton and Kokolakakis, 2003). Tribe notes â€Å"voluntary schemes exist to allow consumers mitigate the impacts of any environmental damages they may cause† (Tribe, 2005). The most common is carbon offset schemes in airline to passengers (McNeill, 1997). Ecotourism as a form of tourism stresses the sound ecological principles (UNEPTIE, 2007). Thus, ecotourism attempts to minimise negative impacts on the environment, create environmental and cultural awareness, offer financial services to empower host communities, and raise sensitive issues of concern to host communities (Saarinen, 2006). Therefore, promoting ecotourism is a form of minimising negative external impacts of tourism and maximising the positive external impacts of tourism. However, industry observers note â€Å"ecotourism will always remain a minor form of tourism† (Mowforth and Munt, 2009). Consequently, it is not the main approach for achieving sustainable touri sm. Soft tools rarely achieve their desired effects as such approaches depend on the willingness of participants for effectiveness. However, soft tools are the best approaches for enhancing sustainability of tourism destinations. Getz, Crouch, and Ritchie share the idea that tourism planners have recognised the need for creating common goals in tourism planning (Getz, 1995; Crouch and Ritchie, 1999). However, the problem is that there are no empirical studies to support common goals, or what factors are essential in creating shared goals in developing sustainable tourism destinations to cater for various needs of stakeholders. To this end, most tourism organisations have no concrete industry standards as these depend on a given country’s tourism policies. Thus, creating common goals for sustainability in the tourism sector will remain a challenge. Therefore, organisations should strive to create a solid tourism industry shared goals common among all stakeholders (Burns and Ho lden, 1995). These goals must come from common publications, stakeholders’ opinions, and academic journals among others. We have to recognise that the industry can create sustainable tourism destinations based on competitive interests and shared resources affected by same factors (Butler, 2006). This will ensure that stakeholders have motivation to achieve a common and collective goal. However, these shared goals cannot remain constant as the industry experiences growth (Hall and Lew, 1998). Thus, continuous research, studies and development are necessary to reflect the changing trends in the industry such environmental concerns, infrastructures, and marketing principles. This approach will ensure that the industry has a sense of direction supported by strategies and practical and achievable goals. Medeiros and Bramwell noted that countries such as Brazil have attempted to implement shared vision but with minimal outcomes due to uncertainty in the industry (Medeiros and Bramw ell, 2002). The challenge has been to get information where stakeholders need it for developing sustainable tourism policies. Thus, the industry must enhance information flow among its small stakeholders. This must also apply to feedback. However, generating useful information for the industry means continuous learning due to the dynamic nature of tourism. Application of information systems can assist in reflecting, evaluating, delivering, processing, and improving information flow in the tourism industry for sustainability destinations. Most stakeholders blame poor research cultures in the tourism industry as a basis for lack of sustainability in developing tourism destinations. This is responsible for the rift in utilisation of the available research findings. De Lacy and Boyd note that there are considerable efforts in Australia to reduce such barriers through â€Å"the use of the Australian Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) model for cross-sectoral research collaboration to enh ance the sustainability of tourism† (De Lacy and Boyd, 2000). The approach aims at highlighting the importance of the industry collaboration to enhance the effectiveness and benefits of research findings through technology transfers, usages and commercialisation. Organisations have relationships that exist among them. These can be in forms of partnerships, co-operation, co-ordination, and collaboration. Researchers have concentrated on these areas so as to eliminate problems that have affected tourism development for decades. Jamal and Getz concur that enhancing the industry identity and common goals can enhance co-operation among the main players as these stakeholders recognise the need to work as a team (Jamal and Getz, 1995). However, the challenge is that no major studies exist to prove the importance of co-operation to tourism destination development. Still, a closer look at the relationship that exists in the industry reveals that real sustainability in the tourism indus try can only become reality if there is co-operation. Occasionally, some problems result due to lack of information. Therefore, co-operation will minimise incidences of miscommunication and difficulties due to lack of collaboration among the industry stakeholders (Inskeep, 1997). This approach to sustainability is not effective due to challenges related to accessing information in a timely fashion. One of the aims of ecotourism is the need for cultural exchange among the stakeholders. There is a need for mutual acceptance and accommodation of different cultural belief, and world views to enhance development of sustainability in tourism destinations (Davidson and Maitland, 1997). It is necessary that stakeholders of diverse views and beliefs promote dialogue and exchanges in tourism destinations, acceptance of the locals, conservation of the cultural diversity, and eradicate negative impacts of tourism. We can use Senge’s system thinking to promote a common language that helps stakeholders who have differences in belief systems (Senge, 1990). The industry covers almost all cultures of the global. Thus, cultural exchange has limitations in relations to accommodation, acceptance, diversity, and eradication of negative stereotypes. Sustainability of tourism destinations needs consultative approach on decision-making processes. The processes must involve all stakeholders including host communities. Sharman noted some issues that influenced participation of stakeholders in planning as poor representation, low participation and poor outcomes of the process among the participants (Sharman, 1999). Power issues influenced the outcomes of all consultative processes. The industry can develop models which aim at creating power balance for accommodation of different point of views (Douglas and Butler, 2001). This approach helps in facilitating understanding, strategic planning and increasing stakeholders’ participation. The uncertainty surrounding the future o f tourism industry impacts decision-making process. Stakeholders are not willing to engage in long-term decisions without knowing their consequences. Participants should base their decisions on sound policies and welcome open discussions so that they can identity issues of common concerns and provide alternatives or solutions (Jamieson, 2001). It is difficult for the tourism industry to have a single body to coordinate all decision-making processes that fit all the tourism destinations of the world. Tourism decisions depend on national policies regulating the industry. The concept of adaptive management can help in improving sustainability of tourism destinations. Adaptive approaches can help the industry tackle emerging challenges that hamper growth (Knowles and Egan, 2000). Adaptive management enables the industry reacts to changes in a timely fashion. The idea of adaptive management finds support in studies and ideas of Reeds (Reed, 2000). Adaptive management requires continuous studies, testing and developing adaptive models (Eaton, 1996). Adaptive management has been effective in enhance management of the tourism industry. Given the reviewed literature, this research supports the view that despite the existence of many initiatives, sustainable tourism practices have not spread across the industry because the stakeholders of tourism are still divided on how to improve the sustainability of tourist destinations. These initiatives exist, but tourism has diverse components that vary from country to country. Thus, putting these together to enhance sustainability of the environment has remained a challenge across the industry. Approaches to tourism destination sustainability such as regulations, market approaches, and soft tools may not work in every tourism situation. Still, attempts at developing sustainability of tourism destinations may not achieve the desired outcome due to minimal participation in processes such as sharing information, goals, co-operation and co-ordination, cultural exchanges, consultative decision-making and planning, and adaptive management. Reference List Becken, S and Hay, J 2007, Tourism and climate change: Risks and opportunities, Multilingual Matters Ltd, Bristol. Burns, P and Holden, A 1995, Tourism: A new perspective, Prentice-Hall, Hemel Hempstead. Butler, R 2006, The Tourism Area Life Cycle: Volume 2: Conceptual and theoretical issues, Channel View Publications, Clevedon. Cater, E and Lowman, G 1994, Ecotourism: A sustainable option. Wiley, Chichester. Coccossis, H and Nijkamp, P 1995, Sustainable tourism development, Ashgate, London. Cohen, E 2002, ‘Authenticity, equity and sustainability in tourism’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 267-276. Cooper, C, Fletcher, J, Gilbert, D and Wanhill, S 2008, Tourism: principles practice, 4th ed, Longman, Harlow. Crouch, G and Ritchie, J 1999, ‘Tourism, competitiveness, and societal prosperity’, Journal of Business Resea rch, vol. 44, pp. 137–152. Curtis, I 2002, ‘Environmentally sustainable tourism: A case for carbon trading at Northern Queensland hotels and resorts’, Australian Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 9, no.1, pp. 27–36. Davidson, R and Maitland, R 1997, Tourism destinations, Hodder and Stoughton, London. De Lacy, T and Boyd, M 2000, An Australian research partnership between industry, universities and government: The Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism, Channel View Publications, Clevedon, UK. Deloitte and Oxford Economics 2010, The economic contribution of the visitor economy: UK and the nations, Visit Britain, London. Douglas, P and Richard B 2001, Contemporary Issues in Tourism Development, Routledge, London. Eaton, B 1996, European leisure business: Strategies for the future, Elm Publications, Cambridge. FNNPE 1993, Loving them to death? FNNPE, Grafenau, Germany. Gee, C 1997, International tourism: A global perspective, World Touris m Organisation, Madrid. Getz, D 1995, ‘Collaboration Theory and community tourism planning’, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 186–204. Gratton, C and Kokolakakis, T 2003, ‘A bright future’, Leisure Management, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 38–40. Hall, C and Lew, A 1998, Sustainable Tourism: A geographical perspective, Addison Wesley Longman, Harlow. Inskeep, E 1997, Tourism planning, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. Jamal, T and Getz, D 1995, ‘Collaboration Theory and community tourism planning’, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 22, no.1, pp. 186–204. Jamieson, W 2001, Promotion of investment in tourism infrastructure, UN ESCAP, New York. Knowles, T and Egan, D 2000, ‘Recession and its implications for the international hotel industry’, Travel and Tourism Analyst, vol. 6, pp. 59–76. Liu, Z 2003, ‘Sustainable tourism development: a critique’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 459-475. McNeill, L 1997, Travel in the digital age, Bowerdean Publishing, Chichester. Medeiros de Araujo, L and Bramwell, B 2002, ‘Partnership and regional tourism in Brazil’, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1138–1164. Middleton, V and Hawkins, R 1998, Sustainable tourism: A marketing perspective, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. Mowforth, M and Munt, I 2009, Tourism and Sustainability Development, globalisation and new tourism in the Third World, Routledge, London. Mules, T 2001, Globalization and the economic impacts of tourism, Continuum, London. National Park Service 1990, Economic impacts of protecting rivers, trails, and greenway corridors: A resource book, US Department of the Interior National Park Service, Washington. OECD 2001, Cities and regions in the new learning economy, OECD, Paris. Priestley, G, Edwards, J and Coccossis, H 1996, Sustainable tourism? European experiences, CAB International, Wallingford. Reed, M 2000, Collabor ative tourism planning as adaptive experiments in emergent tourism settings, Channel View Publications, Clevedon, UK. Saarinen, J 2006, ‘Traditions of Sustainability in Tourism Studies’, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 1121-1140. Senge, P 1990, The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization, Currency Doubleday, New York. Sharman, A 1999, ‘Collaboration in local tourism policy making’, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 392–415. Swarbrooke, J 1999, Sustainable Tourism Management, CABI Publishing, Oxford. Tribe, J 2005, The Economics of Recreation, Leisure and Tourism, 4th ed, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. UNEPTIE 2007, Sustainable Development of Tourism, http://www.uneptie.org/scp/ UNWTO 1995, Lanzarote Charter for Sustainable Tourism, http://www.world-tourism.org/ This essay on Sustainable Tourism Development was written and submitted by user Elisabeth Bruce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Is Globalization the Main Culprit for the 2008 Global Financial Crisis

The global financial crisis that began in late 2007 but erupted in 2008 was considered one of the worst threats to the global economy. The global financial crisis was characterized by credit crunch and the collapse of stock markets.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Is Globalization the Main Culprit for the 2008 Global Financial Crisis? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The results of the crisis were massive since it led to the evaporation of investment decisions by firms, loss of jobs and loss of income. There was generally an economic recession in majority of the developed world and hence it slowed economy in the developing world. It is true that globalization is linked to the global financial crises. I agree that globalization is the main culprit of the financial crises; this is largely because the agents of globalization are largely associated with the emergence of global financial crises as will be exp lained below: Main Analysis Globalization can be defined as the intensification of trade and other economic activities between countries of the globe in terms goods, services and also investment. After the cold war, majority of the countries embraced the basic principles of globalization like free trade. The plain understanding of globalization is in the perspective of free trade, the function of foreign company and trade. Globalization as a phenomenon is often linked with financial de regulation and the neo liberal economic revolution; but the Asian financial crisis, the Enron scandal and the growing inequalities together with the financial crisis have lead to more concerns on the neo-liberal strategy. The negative effects of globalization on a national economy can be so disastrous according to the works of Joseph Stiglitz. There has been a lot of opposition to globalization since it is associated with the volatility of commodity prices and its impact on the distant economies. The ever spiraling increase in the global prices of food and fuel is considered a result of globalization. In the 2008, for example, the surge in the prices of fuel and food commodities which are the fundamental commodities in the global market negatively impacted on the world economy. The main reason why there was an increased volatility in the global market during the 2008 financial crisis as opposed to other crisis is due to the globalized economy (Turner and Khondkar 42).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Globalization has eroded the powers and the sovereignty of the state, the role of the state to regulate and to steer forward the economy has been largely ignored at the expense of the market, these are the problems and the vulnerabilities that often emerge as a result of the globalization of the world economy. Financial liberalization involves the elimination of tari ffs, and duties have resulted in an unrestricted cross border transaction. The 2008 economic crisis was largely associated to the collapse of the Lehman bothers, which was the largest American investment bank; this brought to fore the function and the capacity of state institutions and revived the debate that despite the growth of globalization forces, there should always an efficient state structure (Turner and Khondkar 58). The trend of globalization had been increasing after the end of the cold war when America was declared the world superpower following the collapse of the USSR. This trend of globalization had been characterized by the increasing levels of trade, intensified movement of people and the advancement of technology that has brought the people and the entire world into a closer economic, political and cultural unit. It is this increasing independence that led to the 2008 global financial crises due to the fact that the monumental accumulation of global debt in the Ame rican financial institutions was unsound. The 2008 economic crisis had roots in the 1997 financial crisis in the Asian region; after the collapse of the Asian markets, people opted for the USA as a favorite investment destination. This led to the increase in the value of stock market and the rise in the price of housing. This movement of capital from one location to another like for example the Asian Region to the US was made possible by globalization and hence globalization is directly linked to the global financial crisis of 2008 (Bulliet et al 824). The institutionalization of global phenomenon like the financial globalization has contributed to the increase in the inequality gap between the developed and the developing countries; this is largely associated with international capital flows. Financial globalization was touted as the best mode of enhancing savings, relax the credit stress, and improve the income of the developing countries and to stimulate economic growth.Advertisi ng We will write a custom research paper sample on Is Globalization the Main Culprit for the 2008 Global Financial Crisis? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was never to be the case as financial globalization could not meet these expectations but instead it helped intensify economic instability. Trade liberalization together with its expected impact like prospect of economic growth, employment and income inequality came under close scrutiny. The emergence of financial globalization and wealth inequality has resulted in the unequal flows of capital and also uneven progress in the opening of capital accounts; unlike in Asia and Western countries, those of Africa and the Latin America have lagged behind in opening their capital accounts. The world has witnessed uneven financial globalization which is linked to the global financial crises (ILO report 39). Emmerich and the group in their book titled Globalization 2.0: roadmap to t he future from leading minds have identified seven virtues of globalization and in these virtues, one has been linked to the global financial crisis, and this is the thrift; Emmerich, Ijioui and Ceyp related this virtue with 2008 global financial crisis and the increasing opulence in some parts of the world. They argued that in the western world, people had socialized themselves with the period of cheap money and hence they considered it primitive to save money leading to the decline in savings in Anglo-Saxon countries like the Britain, Canada and the US. These countries were paragon of economic and financial culture and hence they adopted the culture of non-saving. When the global recession hit, commercial banks had run out of savings, the population had little to spend and hence generally low liquidity level which resulted in the collapse of commercial banks (Emmerich, Ijioui and Ceyp 80). When the global financial crisis is analyzed in the context of globalization, then the insta bility that is created by the speculation about trade is worth mentioning.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The global financial crises did not only concern the financial markets but also the international institutions and its productive structure since globalization is controlled at the core and its effects will only be triggered at the center and will be felt across the globe as exemplified by the 2008 crisis that was triggered by the financial markets in the USA and was felt all over the globe. Due to the forces of globalization, financial crisis can be mad-made; the realization that the global world desperately needs oil and the fact the Washington consensus legalized trade liberalization makes the world vulnerable to the whims of cartels, especially if they have the knowledge and the ability to determine the timelines of the speculative course and the subsequent collapse of the speculation who can take advantage of speculative trade to push the prices of crude oil upwards (Chodussudovsky 1). Conclusion The occurrence of the global financial crisis in the year 2008 was considered glob alization at its death-bed; there was an imminent dissolution of the globalized world. This was further exacerbated by the fact that the global financial crisis was followed by the world economic crisis, which was a reflection of how the global chain reaction can be triggered and can interact to pull a destructive fashion. There have been some demands that the goals of globalization should be redefined that is; world leaders should consider other ways of cooperation and also they should create institutions that should be used in solving international disputes. With the current developments with regard to the three forms of globalization; global markets, infrastructural development and global corporations, then the future appear bleak since these forms of globalization are man-made and hence volatile and prone to suffering from the vagaries of nature. Globalization has led to simultaneous impoverishment of individuals from different nations largely due to the global market mechanism factor. The several global financial crises are not only due to the volatility of the financial markets but also due to the collapse of state institutions and the development of rapid profit ventures. Works Cited Bulliet et al. The Earth and Its Peoples, Volume 2, 5th Ed. New York: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print. Chodussudovsky, Michel. Global financial meltdown. Global Research, 2011. Web. https://www.globalresearch.ca/global-financial-meltdown/10268 Emmerich, Heike., Ijioui, Raschid and Ceyp, Michael. Globalization 2.0: A Roadmap to the Future from Leading Minds. New York: Springer, 2009. Print. ILO report. world of work report; income inequalities in the age of globalization. ILO Report, 2008. Web. http://www.ilo.org/inst/lang–en/index.htm Turner, Bryan and Khondker Habibul. Globalization East and West. New York: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2009. Print. This research paper on Is Globalization the Main Culprit for the 2008 Global Financial Crisis? was written and submitted by user Thalia N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Comparisson of Artist Using of the Human Figure Essay Example

Comparisson of Artist Using of the Human Figure Essay Example Comparisson of Artist Using of the Human Figure Essay Comparisson of Artist Using of the Human Figure Essay The three artworks created by the well-known artists; Michelangelo Buonarroti, Henri Matisse, and Cindy Sherman all convey different ideas and expression in their pieces. Each artist has used various materials and techniques to portray their figures in ways to represent their own emotions, ideas and values. The artworks David, Blue Nude (Icarus) and the Untitled Film Still, reveal the common use of the human figure to portray different artworks that carry strong and imperative messages to the viewers. Cindy Sherman is well-known for her artwork in observing human activity and weaknesses. She is an American photographer that incorporates herself wearing various disguises and prosthetic parts in her images. Different from her usually colourful and disturbing productions, Cindy Sherman created a series of black and white pictures starting in 1977 called Untitled Film Stills. David by Michelangelo took three years to complete, 1501-1504. This colossal 4. 34 metre tall sculpture illustrates the hero in the story from the Old Testament, David and Goliath. His extremely detailed artwork relates back to the idea of perfection and the religious ethics valued in this time. French artist, Henri Matisse uses colour and form to convey emotional expression in his artworks. He was the leader of the Fauvist movement where he changed the concept of colour in modern art and focused on reflecting images of peace and idealised places, ignoring the oppressing world around him. Creating a series of black and white film stills, Sherman uses Untitled Film Still No. 14 produced in 1979 to capture a portrait of a vulnerable, suburban housewife. In the image, Sherman stars as a stereotypical woman, using herself, props, furniture and sets to illustrate the low social class of women she portrayed in her series. Matisse, while using a distorted representation of a human figure, the Blue Nude made in 1952, captured his beliefs on the importance of intuition. He focused on the joy of art, expressing the form first and anatomy second using various intense colours and shapes. While Michelangelo on the other hand, portrayed his statue David as a muscular, divine man of youth representing the patriotic figure as a religious icon from the bible. He has based the piece on presenting the human form as detailed as possible and used marble to show the defined body creating an idealised figure. The artists have each used different techniques of expressing their figures. Sherman has used the media, film photos to lead the viewers into a drama of exaggerated stereotypes and cliches foregrounding the dominant discourse of gender equality. Typically for Matisse to use his bold colour in paint, in his bedridden days Matisse created a new medium called drawing with scissors which involved cutting shapes from pre-painted paper to create various shapes and images. Michelangelo used carrara marble to design his famous artwork doing intricate detail on the body to create an emotional intensity that fore grounded religious values during this period. Brought up in different eras, each artist has lived through some of the most significant political events and historical time periods the world has ever seen. Sherman, Matisse and Michelangelo all portray their views to their time in different ways using their love of the human figure to represent their own values and beliefs during these time periods. Cindy Sherman used her artworks to reveal her strong beliefs on marginalised voices of women. She had a strong political view on the dominant discourse of gender discrimination and portrayed her views through many of her photographic images. Conversely, Henri Matisse while living through many different and important conflicts of his time struggled to find a reason to incorporate his expressions of political opinion in his work. He focused on combining his ideas of joy and intuition with dramatic and intense colour to create a poetic energy from his art. Michelangelo Buonarroti had strong beliefs like the others but not of political interest he focused on portraying religious ideas into his art as religion was greatly valued in his society during this time. The ideas behind each figure are driven by different emotions, beliefs and values of the artist. The wine glass and coat seen in Sherman’s untitled film still 14 create the idea of empowerment from a man in the household. Her back seen in the mirror implies she is vulnerable and exposed to the dangers around her, possibly the leading man in the house. Her face is worried and fearful creating an unsettling eeriness along with the black and white of the image. These techniques have allowed Cindy Sherman to portray her ideas on the vulnerable woman defenceless against men. Matisse’s distorted figure is bold and captivating showing an immediate focus point in contrast with the background which is soft. The movement of the body figure is free and rhythmical with the red circle representing the heart, burning with fiery desire to be liberated. Not having an exact face but a blank canvas gives the impression that one and everyone desires to be free. The patriotic icon David is followed with such finer, complex detail with the figure representing superior power like that of Adam, the first human being from the bible. The beautifully portrayed hero is made in the image before David went to battle showing the strong concentration in his facial expression. Although from an unaware observer’s perspective of the statue, Michelangelo has in fact made the sculpture incredibly out of proportion. Having exceptionally long arms for his body, different length legs, and huge hands, Michelangelo has made it seem unnoticeable to the naked eye also concentrating on his much finer details takes away from the large faults. All Henri Matisse, Cindy Sherman and Michelangelo Buonarroti have used different techniques of expressing their figures and their messages. They each convey different ideas behind the image but all use the human figure to represent their values in different ways. Blue Nude, Untitled Film Still no. 4 and David by the well-known artists are portrayed using art to extend the artist’s messages across to the world. They have revolutionized the way modern art is perceived and will continue to inspire people to express their own opinions through art. Bibliography www. ibiblio. org/wm/paint/auth/matisse/ www. artchive. com/artchive/M/matisse. html www. abcgallery. com/M/matisse/matisse. html www. artcyclopedia. com/artists/matisse_henri. html www. artelino. com/arti cles/henri_matisse. asp www. cdc. gov/ncidod/Eid/vol9no5/aboutcover. htm arthistory. about. com/cs/namesmm/p/matisse. htm ww. cindysherman. com/ www. artcyclopedia. com/artists/sherman_cindy. html www. guggenheimcollection. org/site/artist_bio_146F. html csw. art. pl/new/98/shermeg. html www. metropicturesgallery. com/index. php? mode=artistsobject_id=4 moma. org/exhibitions/1997/sherman/index. html webexhibits. org/colorart/sherman. html www. michelangelo. com/buon/bio-index2. html www. michelangelo. com/buonarroti. html www. britannica. com/eb/article-9108722/Michelangelo www. hlla. com/reference/mb-bio. html vlsi. colorado. edu/~rbloem/david. html www. bluffton. edu/~sullivanm/micheldavid/david. html

Intelligence Support to Operation Anaconda Research Paper

Intelligence Support to Operation Anaconda - Research Paper Example These were remnants of earlier offensives by the US about three months earlier who were seen gathering around this valley. The battle spanned the period between 2nd march to 17th March 2002 and it included the combined forces of the US military, Canadian forces, New Zealand, friendly Afghan soldiers, Danish, Germany, Norway, as well as the Australian military forces against the Taliban and the al-Qaeda forces. The US forces, under the command of General Franklin Hagenbeck, managed to get out of this battle as winners after managing to drive the enemy out of the valley with heavy death tolls to measure up their success. The win was however not a smooth sail as can be suggested from the fact that though the war was planned to end after three days, it took seven days to conquer the Taliban and al-Qaeda opposing forces. The US had to exercise heavy combat against their enemies to force them into admitting defeat- a development that was never expected. At the same time, the US suffered a total of 80 casualties where 8 died while the other 72 were wounded to differing degrees. The following essay will undertake to assess both the right and the improvement seeking steps that were taken by the intelligence supporting Operation Anaconda. The US forces did not have sufficient knowledge of neither the number of the opposing Taliban and al-Qaeda forces nor their weaponry. This meant that the US forces planning the assault failed to include the accurate information in their plan- a move that rendered their making wrong moves during the execution of the offensive. Most of the information that was relayed to the US forces was through overheard reconnaissance, human intelligence as well as communications captures that never offered the accurate information, resulting into misleading perceptions. The number of the opposing Taliban and al-Qaeda forces, for example, actually amounted to approximately between 700-1000 men. From the

Political objectives of the principal participants of the 1991 gulf Essay

Political objectives of the principal participants of the 1991 gulf war - Essay Example Iraq was the largest victim as it pertained to achievement of its own objectives, including sanctions which led to significant economic problems in the country, citizen poverty and starvation, and virtually complete isolation from the international community. Kuwait achieved socio-political stability by driving out the massive population of Palestinians in a nation where there has been significant tensions and mistrust between domestic citizens, government and the Palestinians. This essay identifies all victories and detriments to fulfilment of principal partner political objectives as a consequence of the 1991 Gulf War. The 1991 Gulf War encompassed a six week confrontation against Iraq by US-led coalition forces as a response to Iraq’s annexation of Kuwait. In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait which brought rapid condemnation stemming from many member countries of the United Nations who feared that growing economic strength of Iraq would destabilise the balance of power in the Middle East. In total, 34 different nations from around the world joined the joint military operations of the Gulf War or provided economic support for defeating Iraq’s objectives. The United Nations was growing substantially concerned that a Kuwaiti-controlling Iraq which was now threatening and antagonizing Saudi Arabia, a nation with significant geopolitical importance for its international oil supply, would give Saddam Hussein control over nearly all oil reserves in the region. Kuwait represented a strategic environment by which Iraq’s Hussein could strike against Saudi oil fields, which would threaten oil procurement and pricing throughout the developed world. Between 1980 and 1988, one of the longest wars of the 20th Century, Iraq had been at war with Iran which was motivated by border-related disputes. Saudi Arabia, which feared a growing hegemony within Iran, had loaned approximately $26 billion USD to Iraq in an effort to prevent the Shia in Iran from

Crytography & Computer attack Essay Example for Free

Crytography Computer attack Essay Computer attack involves operations that deny, disrupt, destroy or degrade information stored in computers and computer networks. In other words, computer attack is known as electronic attack used against a computer. The attackers of stored information in computer are called hackers or intruders. A difference occurs between computer attackers in the level of skill and sophistication of the attack (Roman Peter, 2007). More recently, attackers have developed skills that make it possible for them to access other people’s information by using automated tools. The automated and sophisticated tools are cheaply available in the market making it possible to access other people’s computer. The major incidents of computer attacks include bringing down of eBay, Yahoo! and Amazon. com by hackers. The motives for computer attack are to destroy data or information and access individual information for political, social and financial gain. On individual basis a hacker can attack personal computer to destroy information on revenge mission, or out of grudge. Attackers of computers especially in political perspective aim at gaining information for their opponent candidates to outperform him or her during campaigns (Rhodes Mary, 2003). In the context of business, hackers go for core variables necessary to compete in global markets such as information related to marketing strategies. Hackers of computer information do so once they have a particular opportunity such as use of high speed digital subscriber line. It is an opportunity that has been used by hackers to gain access to private information. The internet is known as an important tool in education or business but some offenders find ways of using internet provided in cyber to commit crimes. The offenders satisfy their needs while putting their victims at risk. There are a number of cyber crimes popular among internet offenders such as credit card fraud, cyber stalking, identity theft, software piracy, cyber terrorism and phonograph. These crimes are very common in the modern society as internet is cheaply available in cybercafes and mobile phones. The children and young generation are exposed to cyber risks such as addiction to phonographic sites. Software piracy is another common cyber crime in the modern world of advanced technology. Cyber crimes are as dangerous as any other form of crime and require law enforcement officers to be careful when handling cyber criminals. As a complex issue some offenders are prosecuted while others are set free. Three main reasons that lead to prosecution of some criminals and release of others include first, there are no defined penal laws relating to cyber crimes (Wible Brent, 2003). This means that some individuals search information from the internet and end up exceeding certain legal provisions without their knowledge. Such individuals are cyber criminals but are never arrested especially employees working in a networked office. Second, considering whether an individual has or has not committed a previous offense without computer or an offense similar in nature. Individuals who are convicted of other offences outside the cyber such as bank robbery are prosecuted of cyber crime once they are considered as suspects. Third, children below the age of eighteen years which is considered as the average age for a person to be prosecuted are set free while they are cyber offenders. The law about cyber crime favors some offenders while others are charged with criminal activities. Children are the major victims in cyber crime and yet are protected by the law owing to age factor. References Roman Peter, 2007, Computer Crimes, American Criminal Law Review, Vol. 44. Wible Brent, 2003, A Site Where Hackers Are Welcome: Using Hack-in Contests to Shape preferences and Deter Computer Crime, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 112. Rhodes Mary, 2003, Computer Crimes, American Criminal Law Review, Vol. 40.

Types of Communication and the Barriers

Types of Communication and the Barriers Definition, Types of communication Communication is known as a medium of communicating, is a simple act of transferring information from point A to point B. Although this definition can sound as simple as it is, but when it differentiate the different type of communication it become more complex. Spoken, Verbal/ Non Verbal Communication Communication can be known as spoken, and it is called as verbal communication, an effective verbal or spoken communication depends on the clarity of speech, the listening skill of the listener. Verbal communication can either be face to face, through radio and also television. On the other hand, non verbal communication would be depending on the body language of someone, the gestures when they’re talking. Interpersonal communication does not only contain of words but also movement of the speaker, non verbal communication are most likely to contain messages that are conveyed by the speaker. Non verbal communication can consist of face expression, the tone of speaking, and the body language displayed on the speaker while he/she is speaking. The non verbal communication gives a lot more of clues and information about someone compared to verbal communication. Writing Skills Writing skills is also another important part of communication; good writing skills can allow you to send your message to the audience through face to face or even through writing. Correct grammar, spelling and punctuation is crucial in writing skills, for example, when you’re writing a CV to apply for a job in a hotel, the better the writing skills the higher the chances you will get the job. Visualizations We could also communicate by visual graphs such as charts or graph, logos, and other form of visualisation figure. This is mainly used during a conference or a meeting to send information of the company or the data, for example the annual sales of the hotel or the marketing plan of the hotel. Social Media Social media is also a form of communication to interact, using the network and applications that are commonly used examples, emails, Whatsapp, Wechat, Facebook. We can easily interact with anyone at anytime. The network have created a zero distance for us, for example, having video conferencing meeting with the head quarters of the company that are in United Kingdom when the office is in Singapore. The network has been the greatest creation ever to break almost every communication barriers that we have. Communication barriers Communication between two individuals can be simple if there’s not much barriers between them, but there are huge differences between talking and communicating. When we communicate, we can successfully in getting the points that the other person is trying to say on the other hand, when we talk, we would just ignore the barriers that might hinder the ability to communicate between each other. There are seven different types of communication barriers to more effective communicating, this includes Physical barriers Emotional barriers Cultural barriers Genders barriers Interpersonal barriers Perceptual barriers Language barriers There are a few reason that might have been the main barriers among human communication, for example the main reason why we can easily encounter communication barriers is due to the language differences that we might speak, even if we could speak the same language, the differences of the accent might come unfamiliar to us and it might be quite hard to understand. On the other hand, another reason why communication will fail it may be lack of interest of the person which is talking or the listener might have distractions from the other people nearby or even the noises of the crowds. Another misjudgement of common error is that people tend to expect what they hear rather than what is actually being spoken and jumping straight into inaccurate conclusions. Physical barriers The environment has been one of the main reason that causes physical barriers among employees and employers, for example, if the environment in the hotel isn’t quiet, the speaker isn’t talking in a loud voice, the listener wouldn’t be able to hear what messages is being delivered. Distance also plays an important role. For example, if the organisation in the company is made to sit in different floors or departments in the hotel, they likely would have difficulties on communicating face to face and due to long term relying on technology such as phone calls and emails; it distances the relationship of the employees and employers. Emotional barriers In a workplace, facing staffs and bosses might be a stressful task. Maintaining a good relationship in the workplace is crucial. According to Bud Craig,(2008) the classical emotions such as anger and fear, will always leads an individual to fight or fail to cooperate, therefore this is why working in an environment that does not make us happy and make us felt mistreated will lead the employees to lost interest and brings out negative impact. Cultural barriers Working in the hotel, there might be employees of different group age; every different age group would have different ways and perception of working. The age group of people would always have conflicts of describing older workers as â€Å"out of touch’ and those who just went into the organisation would be criticised by the older workers as ‘slackers’ during work time and not constantly focussing on work. Another reason of cause of cultural barriers is that the staffs would always believe in status and resistance in any sort of work place, staffs who assumed themselves as seniority status may find it hard to adapt into environments where the job tittles might be de-emphasized. Gender barriers According to Heather R,(2005), being well aware of the following generalizations will always help the organisation to have more effectively in the work place, for examples, women staffs would likely talk about people, and on the other hand, male staffs like to talk about tangible things such as sports, food and drinks. Women staffs ask many questions to gain an understanding on an issue that they are not clear about while men staffs always gives information more than asking questions Women staffs focus on feelings and senses, while man staffs always focus on the facts and the logic of problems. Interpersonal barriers The lack of desire on participating organisation events might be another reason of interpersonal barriers, Some staffs of the older age would be more frustrated on work and do not really like to socialise among the community in the company. Some other staffs who might be an introvert might also have unwillingness to explore, giving out new ideas during staffs meetings, or even speaking out the own views of the organisation, in the long run, this may lead to more unwillingness on working and even extremely frustrating among themselves. Perceptual barriers As human, we always have our own preferences, self values, different attitudes and we see it as a own kind of â€Å"flitters† in making decisions and perception of thinking. Thinking in our own â€Å"filters† and ignoring other’s opinion may lend to all sort of assumptions and misunderstanding. Language barriers Working in the front office in the hotel industry, one must be fluent in different types of languages, while people in Malaysia can usually speak more than 3 different languages and dialects, the dialectal differences will make communicating with different individuals harder. Language disabilities are the physical impediments to languages, we could not talk person which have dysphonia or how have hearing loss. According to the Rwanda Development Board, (2008) indicates that around 85,730 of the staffs in the hospitality sector are not fluent in foreign languages and therefore have less efficacy on customer service. It is also identified that language deficiency is the major problem of the hindering growth in the hospitality industry. I went to a hotel nearby my house to interview the front desk manager about the barriers that might occur working in the hotel line. Questionnaire and Answers How long have you been working in this profession? According to Ms.Cheng, (2015) she have been working in the hotel industry for more than 20 years. How did you first get into this profession? According to Ms. Cheng, (2015) she stated that her mother used to be a hotelier for her whole life, her mother inspired her to become a person like her mom, being a hotelier that cares for the people, a dedicated staff and one who try her best to serve and satisfy the need of the people who lives in the hotel. Do you like your job? Ms Cheng is a really responsible worker and she never shown up late before for the past years of working. What is the toughest problem that you have encountered so far? Stated by Ms. Cheng, (2015), working to serve the community isn’t an easy job, people all throughout the world have different cultures and beliefs, but the hardest problem to cope with is the attitude of rude or bad mannered guests. What kind of communication barrier that will affect the job working in the front line of the hotel industry? Ms Cheng stated that the language barriers is the main problem to communicate among guests, because when we do not understand the language that is being spoke, we can’t communicate and this will lead the guest to lose their temper leaving a bad impression to the company. When problems occurred, what does the organisation do to help solve the problems? The company would do their best to settle the situation of satisfaction or misunderstanding between the guest and the staffs. (Cheng, Interview) What are the ways to avoid having these circumstances working in the hotel line? When interviewed on 4th May 2015, Ms Cheng confirmed that hiring only experienced staffs with higher education level is as important as hiring staffs that have good ethics, personality, and the company should be really serious on picking people to join the company and even conduct an evaluating between the people that are in-charged in the organisation before hiring new staffs to the company. What is the main reason that communication breakdown often happens in working front line? Cheng (2015) made the claim those companies not only in the hotel industry nowadays often hires foreigner workers that are from Bangladesh, Nepal to work, and as for foreigners they do not speak our national language well or even any other language such as Chinese, English and the main reason why organisation still hire them is because the wages that is needed to hire a foreigner worker is lower than hiring the people from our own country, it helps to cut down the cost and budgets for the company and hence leads to more and more barriers to be faced during working period. Conclusion and Recommendations In this task, I have learnt that how a company communicates among the employee and how an organization work together. Besides, I learned that communication barriers come in different ways such as language carriers, cultural barriers, and emotional barriers and so on. Throughout the questionnaire and listening upon the interviewer’s answers based on the questions I have asked, I realised that effective communication is the key of managing a good company to success because a company that is poor in communication will always lead to ultimately misunderstandings. According to Forbes, (2009) problem solving is the greatest enabler for growth and opportunity. This is why they say failure serves as the greatest lesson in business and in life. In my own opinion, realising the problem is the first step to success, knowing the problems of the company, analyzing why problems occur and performing appropriate action to fix the problem as soon as possible. In my own opinion, realising the p roblem is the first step to success, knowing the problems of the company, analyzing why problems occur and performing appropriate action to fix the problem as soon as possible.

Regulatory Agency Essay

The role and responsibility of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), most importantly, is to uphold the laws dictated by the government concerning products that include drugs, medical products, food, and non-health related products and to protect and promote public health across the country. This essay focuses on several aspects of the FDA, from the role of the agency and its effect on health care in the United States, to the authority this agency carries in relation to health care. There will also be an explanation of how the FDA carries out these responsibilities on a day-to-day basis. The FDA has held a strong presence in the realm of public health since 1848 when it began as a consumer protection agency (FDA, 2013). The FDA, formed after the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act was put in place and inspired by the scientific work of Harvey Washington Wiley, who was the Chief Chemist at the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Wiley worked to eliminate the dangerous practices of marketing unregulated drugs and food products to consumers (FDA, 2013). Since that time, the FDA has become a powerful force, monitoring and working to protect public health in the United States. FDA Role The FDA is an agency that works within the Department of Health and Human Services. The Office of the Commissioner takes the lead role with four other branches that manage other functions (FDA, 2013). The Office of the Commissioner takes â€Å"leadership of the agency’s scientific activities, communication, legislative liaison, policy and planning, women’s and minority health initiatives, agency operations, and toxicological research† (FDA, 2013). The four groups that work under the Office of the Commissioner are the Office of Foods, the Office of Global Regulatory Operations and Policy, the Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, and the Office of Operations. The function of these five entities of the FDA is to protect and promote public health in the U. S. and to uphold the laws dictated by the government regarding public health. This is accomplished through close monitoring and testing of regulated products used by U. S. consumers. These products consist of drugs, food, cosmetics, radiation-emitting products, vaccines and other biologics, veterinary drugs and products, and tobacco products (FDA, 2013). The FDA is also constantly looking for ways to advance public health by assisting other organizations to make medications safe and more effective (FDA, 2013). Not only does the FDA monitor the food supply coming into the U. S. to ensure its safety but also plays a role in counterterrorism efforts by developing products and medications to respond to a public health threat (FDA, 2013). Issuing and enforcing warning labels for drugs and other products is another function in the role of the FDA. The labels serve to educate the public and medical professionals on the use and hazards of using a specific medication or product. However, these labels do not always have the desired effect. Impact on Health Care The efforts of the FDA throughout its history, has created a much safer consumer environment as it relates to food products, cosmetics, and other non-medical items. Foods are carefully scrutinized before they are allowed on the market to ensure these products are safe for the public to consume. Strict guidelines are in place for all types of products that are available to consumers. However, there is some controversy concerning warning labels on prescription drugs. There have been recent reports that communications by the FDA regarding drug risks are not immediately effective (Hitt, 2012). It is the duty of the FDA to monitor and enforce warnings for prescription drugs involving the safety risks to public health. According to Emma Hitt, some of the warnings that recommended increased monitoring of a patient while taking a prescription drug or increase laboratory monitoring generally caused a decrease in the use of the drug and very low increases in monitoring (Hitt, 2012). These types of oversights in clinical practice likely cause adverse effects to patients by not heeding the proper warnings set forth by the FDA. This is just a minute area in which the FDA impacts health care. Just as the FDA is responsible for monitoring drugs, products, and foods, their communications to health care providers and consumers must also be taken seriously. As Hitt states, â€Å"as the goals of risk communication are to minimize potential harms, understanding the impact of an FDA communication’s intended (and unintended) consequences on patient health outcomes should be a priority† (Hitt, 2012). Duties of the FDA The FDA carries an enormous responsibility daily to monitor, investigate, and enforce the safety of the public in general. As discussed earlier, this includes products and medications used by consumers daily. There are times when the regulations and guidelines set forth by the FDA on specific products are not followed and thus the FDA must follow up with inspections, enforce compliance, and conduct criminal investigations (FDA, 2013). The Office of Regulatory Affairs (ORA) is the lead office in this function of the FDA. It is the duty of the ORA to carry out investigations if a breach in regulation is suspected. Once a questionable observation is made by an investigator of the ORA, a form entitled â€Å"Form 483† is filled out by the investigator (FDA, 2013). On this form, the investigator cites what the law or regulation is and proceeds to list the questionable conditions and what law or regulation is violated. These 483 forms are maintained and revisited periodically. Some of the areas investigated are biologics, drugs, human tissue for transplantation, foods, and radiological health, to name a few. This is a major function of the FDA to ensure compliance to laws and regulations. Regulatory Authority The FDA has regulatory authority provided in the â€Å"Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act† (FD&C) passed by Congress in 1983. The creation of this legislation was driven by an incident where more than 100 patients died due to improperly prepared sulfanilamide medications. It replaced the earlier Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 (FDA, 2013). The agency has authority to mandate preventative actions for food facilities to ensure food safety. They also have the power to conduct compliance inspections on facilities the scope of which include access to records and testing by accredited laboratories. The FDA also has several responses it can take to enforce compliance and ensure safety of consumers. It can enforce a mandatory recall of a product, and it can suspend the registration of a facility if it is determined to pose a threat of serious health consequences or the threat of death to humans or animals (FDA, 2013). Accreditation, Certification, and Authorization The FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research is the division of the agency charged with the evaluation and approval of any drug prior to its release on the market. There are three phases in this certification and approval process. The research phase is conducted during the manufacture of a drug, along with the testing, then sent to a review board for recommendation (Writing, 2013). Once the recommendation is given, the drug can move to the second phase, the pre-clinical trials. Here the drug is tested on small groups of humans while measuring interactions and its effectiveness. Once this phase is complete with no adverse issues, the third phase can take place. This is a Phase 2 clinical trial that allows researchers to see if the drug works on a specific illness on patients and allows scientists to determine any side effects that may occur (Writing, 2013). The clinical phases are monitored closely, while working directly with patients to ensure that the testing remain within the standards of medical ethics. Once all of the trials are complete and all recommendations have been given, all of the results are analyzed and only then can be submitted to the FDA for approval to be sold on the market (Writing, 2013). The accreditation and approval process for all products that must be in compliance with FDA guidelines is a rigorous process but necessary for the common good. Conclusion The FDA carries so many responsibilities to provide high quality medications, foods, cosmetics, and many other products. The laws and regulations are complex and detailed. So much, in fact, most people are not aware when a regulation or guideline is being violated. The resources available to research the FDA and their functions and laws are many and well worth the time to gain education on how this enormous entity works to protect and promote public health and safety.

Big Families Essay

For any child I believe it is better to have a big family because you will have someone to talk to, someone to work with and new experiences every day. I know how you feel for example you might think a small family is better because you are the only child and you will get anything you want. So what is you had a problem who will you talk to if you had a small family .But if you had a big family you will not have just one person to talk to you will have many. Another example is when you’re doing homework and you need help who will help you? And if you had a small family who will help you if your parents are working. On the other hand if you have a big family you will have someone to explain your homework as well. If you have a small family and you win a prize to go somewhere are your parents do not want to go. But if you had a big family and you have a older brother or sister who want to go you will be able to enjoy your prize with your brother or sister. If you never been to that place you will have new experiences every day. In conclusion , I think a big family is better because you will have new experiences everyday , you will have someone to talk to and someone to work with .Please consider my reason when making your decision because a big beautiful family is better than a small family, think of what would happen if you where the only child you would be very bored without anyone to talk to.

Alternatives to Using Said When Quoting a Source

Alternatives to Using Said When Quoting a Source Alternatives to Using Said When Quoting a Source When discussing the arguments of other thinkers, as we often have to do when writing a paper, you might find yourself writing so and so says quite often. While this is good enough most of the time, you may also want to vary your word choice. Moreover, in academic writing, says or said might not fully communicate what you intend. It may therefore be better to use a more precise alternative. Alternatives to Said There are plenty of synonyms for said that can be used in academic writing. For instance, if we imagine quoting an author called Johnson, instead of Johnson says that, we could write: States (Johnson states that the results are consistent with past studies) Asserts (Johnson asserts that the technique is flawed) Argues (Johnson argues that the test should be revised) Claims (Johnson claims that the conclusion is valid) Believes (Johnson believes that modern science should be trusted) However, it should be noted that most of these words are more specific than said. As such, youll need to check that the word you pick fits the situation. Saying that Johnson argues such and such, for instance, only makes sense if you are quoting an argument. As such, it wouldnt make sense to say Johnson argues that his favorite ice-cream is vanilla, since this is an opinion, not an argument. Likewise, some terms have connotations that you need to understand before you use them. The word alleges, for instance, can be a synonym for says, but it implies that the claim is unproven, controversial or doubtful. It therefore has quite a specific use. Nor should you avoid using the word says in your work. Its simply a case of being aware of how often you use particular terms and trying to find a suitable alternative if you are using any single term (including said) too much.

Breakdown and Review of Where the Wild Things Are

Breakdown and Review of 'Where the Wild Things Are' Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak  has become a classic. Winner of the 1964 Caldecott Medal as the Most Distinguished Picture Book of the Year, it was first published by HarperCollins in 1963. When Sendak wrote the book, the theme of dealing with dark emotions was rare in childrens literature, especially in picture book format. Story Summary After more than 50 years, what keeps the book  popular is not the impact of the book on the field of childrens literature, it is the impact of the story and the illustrations on young readers. The plot of the book is based on the fantasy (and real) consequences of a little boys mischief. One night Max dresses up in his wolf suit and does all kinds of things he shouldnt, like chasing the dog with a fork. His mother scolds him and calls him a WILD THING! Max is so mad he shouts back, ILL EAT YOU UP! As a result, his mother sends him to his bedroom without any supper. Maxs imagination transforms his bedroom into an extraordinary setting, with a forest and an ocean and a little boat that Max sails in until he comes to a land full of wild things. Although they look and sound very fierce, Max is able to tame them with a single glance. They all realize Max is ..the most wild thing of all and make him their king. Max and the wild things have a fine time creating a rumpus until Max begins to want to be †¦where someone loved him best of all. Maxs fantasy ends when he smells his dinner. Despite the wild things protests, Max sails back to his own room where he finds his supper waiting for him. The Books Appeal This is a particularly appealing story because Max is in conflict with both his mother and his own anger. Despite the fact that he is still angry when he is sent to his room, Max does not continue his mischief. Instead, he gives free rein to his angry emotions through his fantasy, and then, comes to a decision that he will no longer let his anger separate him from those whom he loves and who love him. Max is an engaging character. His actions, from chasing the dog to talking back to his mother are realistic. His emotions are also realistic. Its quite common for children to get angry and fantasize about what they could do if they ruled the world and then calm down and consider the consequences. Max is a child with whom most 3- to 6-year-olds readily identify. Summing Up the Impact of the Book Where the Wild Things Are is an excellent book. What makes it so extraordinary is the creative imagination of both Maurice Sendak the writer and Maurice Sendak the artist. The text and the artwork complement one another, moving the story along seamlessly. The transformation of Maxs bedroom into a forest is a visual delight. Sendaks colored pen and ink illustrations in muted colors are both humorous and sometimes a little scary, reflecting both Maxs imagination and his anger. The theme, conflict, and characters are ones with which readers of all ages can identify, and  is a book that children will enjoy hearing again and again. Publisher: HarperCollins, ISBN: 0060254920

Applicability of the Principles of Empowerment and Recovery of the Essay - 1

Applicability of the Principles of Empowerment and Recovery of the Mentally Ill in Practice - Essay Example One afternoon, a man in his late 20s was brought in for medical attention. For the purpose of confidentiality, we shall name him Andrew. Andrew could not keep still and he kept on moving from one point to another, talking to imaginary people. The people who brought him to the hospital were his colleagues at work, who claimed that he had become very hostile, attacking everyone at the office and accusing them of trying to ruin his life. They claimed that he had also started talking to himself and repeatedly saying â€Å"they want to kill me†. Andrew was immediately taken to the psychiatrist ward for examination, while I was instructed to get more information about his actions from his colleagues. The workmates told me that in last few months, they had observed some abnormal behavior in their colleague, but had dismissed the actions. For example, he would show up at work late, looking tired and had started withdrawing from his workmates. They also claimed that he could no longer meet deadlines and that he often did substandard work. After the discussion with the patients’ colleagues, I called his family before going to check on the progress of the patient.The psychiatrist informed me that they had sedated him to ease his agitation. I explained to him all the observances noted by Andrew’s colleagues and the doctor suspected that this could be a case of schizophrenia. As we were talking, Andrew’s wife and sister came in looking very worried. The doctor explained the patient’s condition to them and asked them to offer any information.

Internet and social media marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Internet and social media marketing - Essay Example The researcher states that Line is one of the Chat Apps that is increasing becoming a popular method for the celebrities to reach out to their fans. The fans are also looking to use the same method as there is a difference between the interaction on the social media platforms and on the Chat Apps. The personal connection and response to the different questions with the celebrities that are instant make the features of the Apps more favorable. Korean Lee Min should, therefore, ensure that he engages the fans through Line by creating a profile and a persona that is attractive to the fans. One of the main aspects that he should assess is the direction and the people that he wants to reach out to and connect with while on the show. This will ensure that the celeb is able to choose the method that he should use in the show. This can be the video advertisement or other methods that are within Line as an engaging application. He should also assess his strengths and weaknesses. Â  It is imp ortant to understand the different dynamics that will ensure that one gets through to the people and look for the factors that make one popular thereby ensuring that one reaches out to the people through the same attributes or advertising these attributes. Using these platforms to reach out to the fans is also similar to advertising products in the market where on has to give the best qualities of the product depending on the target market. Learning from the different aspects of the method from the past experiences with the same platform or other internet based methods is also important.

It is not a paper, it is homework Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

It is not a paper, it is homework - Case Study Example For awhile, until more profits roll in you will have to work with a skeleton crew, perhaps just yourselves for now to build up business and your wife should probably maintain her office manager position that is already in tact. According to the will, you were left with $300,000 paid to you in $15,000 increments. Though it is intended for your childrens college, you can decide to use it to to start out your new business. Additionally, you were left with $50,000 for unconditional and immediate use. It may take awhile for you to build up your finances to support additional staff members since you do not have a large amount of money to buy equipment and such. You may be able to build up additional money, while your wife is at work to buy and sell cars from auction to flip for a profit. This will help you to gain stability while you are working toward a larger overhead to have more staff. Ideally, you will need to work for a year or two and when you feel a bit more stable in your business , your wife can quit her job at the university and be your office manager in your new business. You will need to take into consideration the median income would be approximately $30,000 to keep in mind as a base salary per person depending on their specific job. You will also need to take into consideration how experienced your other workers are when you consider their salary base. These recommendations fall in line with the original plan because at this point, it is a job that Keena can take over and shift into when the business starts to pick up. She can then start this is a trial process in figuring out what needs are required. This falls in line with the total compensation plan by offering competitive salary base This falls in line with the original plan and provides the accountant who is educated a competitive base salary and other reasons to stay with the company and will also help you to keep all of your monies in order. This falls in line with the